Tic Disorder

Tic are rapid and sudden movements that are involuntary. These can be sudden sounds and words as well. Tics are different from other neurodevelopmental disorders in the manner of severity. The characteristics of tic change over time they can be suppressible or insuppressible as well.

According to Diagnostic and statistical menu of mental disorders the tics are of following types:

Motor tics

Motor tics are repetitive body movements like blinking of eyes or hand flapping.

Vocal tics

Vocal tics are repetitive vocal movements for example throat clearing or words spoken repetitively.

Simple tics

Simple tics are brief vocal or body movement for a short period of time.

Complex tics

Complex tics are complex body movements or words that take some time. For example spoken word, raising arm up or down etc.

Diagnostic Criteria of Tic Disorder

The diagnostic criteria of Tic disorder according to DSM 5TR is as following

Diagnostic Criteria A

In tic disorder to be diagnosed both one and more vocal tics and multiple motor tics have to appear consistently for some time. These are not required to occur concurrently.

Diagnostic Criteria B

The duration of tics either motor or vocal must be persisted for at least period of a year.

Diagnostic Criteria C

Tic is a neurodevelopmental disorder so it’s symptoms appear before the age of 18 years.

Diagnostic Criteria D

The tics are not due to any use of substance or due to any other neurological disorder.

Persistent (Chronic) Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder

Diagnostic Criteria

Diagnostic Criteria A

In tic disorder to be diagnosed both one and more vocal tics and multiple motor tics have to appear consistently for some time. These are not required to occur concurrently.

Diagnostic Criteria B

The duration of tics either motor or vocal must be persisted for at least period of a year.

Diagnostic Criteria C

Tic is a neurodevelopmental disorder so it’s symptoms appear before the age of 18 years.

Diagnostic Criteria D

The tics are not due to any use of substance or due to any other neurological disorder.

Provisional Tic Disorder

Diagnostic Criteria A

In tic disorder to be diagnosed both one and more vocal tics and multiple motor tics have to appear consistently for some time. These are not required to occur concurrently.

Diagnostic Criteria B

The duration of tics either motor or vocal must be persisted for less than period of a year.

Diagnostic Criteria C

Tic is a neurodevelopmental disorder so it’s symptoms appear before the age of 18 years.

Diagnostic Criteria D

The tics are not due to any use of substance or due to any other neurological disorder.

Prevalence

Tic disorder is common in children in most cases. It occurs 3 per 1000.